a. Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs):

• Traditional DMARDs: Such drugs decelerate the progression of RA and help spare joint and other tissue destruction. Examples of common DMARDs include methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine, sulfasalazine, and leflunomide.
• Biologic DMARDs: These are newer drugs that target specific steps in the inflammatory process. For example, TNF inhibitors like etanercept, infliximab), IL-6 inhibitors like tocilizumab)and B-cell inhibitors like rituximab).
• JAK inhibitors: For example, tofacitinib and baricitinib, which reduce inflammation by blocking Janus kinase pathways, are some DMARDs.

b. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs):

Drugs such as ibuprofen or naproxen reduce pain but don’t stop joint damage or slow down the development of the disease.

c. Corticosteroids:

Such medications, including prednisone, enable control of inflammation and symptoms within a short period. However, it is generally recommended not to rely on them since they may lead to side effects when used over time.

a. Exercise:

Regular low-impact exercises such as swimming or walking can increase flexibility in joints and minimize stiffness; physical therapy may also be useful.

b. Diet:

Incorporating anti-inflammatory foods into one’s Diet is an important step in symptom management; omega-3 fatty acids found in fish might be beneficial for some individuals, while others respond favourably to gluten-free diets or specific carbohydrate exclusion diets.

c. Stress Reduction:

It can be achieved through mindfulness, yoga and meditation, among others, as a way of handling stress that will, in turn, enhance RA symptoms.

d. Weight Management:

Reducing body weight helps to decrease tension in the joints, hence alleviating symptoms.

a. Joint Surgery:

In dire instances of joint damage, surgery may be an option; joint replacement (e.g., hip or knee replacement), tendon repair, and joint fusion are some examples.

b. Physical and Occupational Therapy:

Therapists can offer protective strategies for joint functionality; they may also suggest aids to help with daily activities.

c. Hot and Cold Therapy:

Heat application relaxes muscles, while cold therapy reduces swelling and numbs acute pain.

a. Fatigue:

Unbearable tiredness and inability to engage oneself in any physical activity that comes with it.

b. Fever:

During active stages of illness, Fever may run slightly high even if not above average normal level.

c. Weight Loss:

The appetite can decrease, leading to loss of weight, although chronic inflammation increases metabolic demands for body processes.

d. Malaise Feeling:

A general feeling of unwellness or discomfort often accompanies other problems like this one as well.