• Primary drugs: The standard treatment for active TB generally consists of combination therapy with four primary antibiotics, namely Isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, which are taken during an initial phase lasting two months, followed by 4-to 7 additional months of Isoniazid and rifampin.

• Other drugs: MDR-TB means Multiple Drug Resistant Tuberculosis; this type becomes insensitive to such agents as Isoniazid and rifampicin; thus, the therapeutical practice involves the application of fluoroquinolones as well as injectable medication like amikacin or kanamycin. This requires a longer duration of therapy, typically spanning 18-24 months.

• Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)

  Ensuring Adherence: For direct observation therapy (DOT), a healthcare provider watches patients take their medication as scheduled. This strategy ensures that there is no drug resistance development.

• Nutritional Help: Appropriate nutrition while treating TB assists in boosting the patient’s immune system.
• Managing Side Effects: Monitoring side effects like liver toxicity or gastrointestinal issues caused by TB medications helps maintain overall health and enhance treatment completion rates.

Preventive Therapy: Preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis involves taking antibiotics such as Isoniazid for 6-9months, Rifapentine /Isoniazid twice weekly for three months, or Rifampin alone for four months to reduce risk among individuals with latent TB infection who may progress to active disease These treatments last a shorter time than antimicrobial courses prescribed in case of active disease.

This normally occurs around neck area thus called scrofula. Painful swelling; bones and joints may become painful due to infection known as Pott’s disease. Meningitis due this illness causes headache, confusion, stiff neck, and light sensitivity.

• Kidneys: Hematuria; blood in the urine, and back pain on the side of the body.
• Spine: Severe back pain that is accompanied by stiffness and in advanced cases, deformities.
• Skin: Skin sores or ulcers.
• Abdomen: Digestive issues due to tuberculosis peritonitis, abdominal swelling and abdominal pain.

• Separation: Patients suffering from active tuberculosis, especially those in the early phases of treatment, may need to be separated from others to avoid spreading the disease.
• Public Health Measures: Tuberculosis control strategies such as vaccination with Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in countries where TB is highly prevalent and screening and contact tracing are important.
• Successful tuberculosis therapy requires that medical practitioners work together with patients to ensure that they adhere to the prescribed medication regimen, achieve effective management of side effects, and prevent transmission of the disease. Early diagnosis and adherence to treatment are important for curing TB and reducing its spread.